清客 发表于 2016-1-27 18:11 
这是啥意思?不懂啊
我觉得我越解释越让人糊涂,有些基本概念需要先了解清楚然后再谈论会好很多。
下面是由关负片色罩的深入分析和去除方案(总共13个步骤),看过之后咱们再讨论。
It's for anyone who has tried scanning colour negative themselves on their own DIY scanner, only to find it seemingly impossible to get a good colour result out of the scan. The reason it's so difficult is that the orange mask in the negative is not a flat signal. It actually contains an image (in fact two images) due to the way masks and dyes are coupled. These images need to be removed. So it requires a little more than just patiently moving colour balance sliders around all day. However it's relatively simple to implement in any NLE, once you get your head around it.
THEORY
A colour negative consist of 5 layers:
1. Blue Sensitive Layer (becomes Yellow Dye)
2. Yellow Mask (stops blue light diving deeper into the emulsion, but lets red and green light pass deeper)
3. Green Sensitive Layer (becomes Magenta Dye)
4. Magenta Mask (stops green light descending deeper into the emulsion, and lets red light pass deeper (and would also let blue light pass but there is no more blue light at this stage)
5. Red Sensitive Layer (becomes Cyan Dye)
In addition to this, each masking layer (Yellow Mask and Magenta Mask) is coupled to the layer directly below it: so the Yellow Mask is coupled to the Magenta Dye layer below it, and the Magenta Mask is coupled to the Cyan Dye layer below it. The result (during film development) is that the Yellow Mask acquires an inverse image of the Magenta Dye layer, and the Magenta Mask acquires an inverse image of the Cyan Dye layer. Both of these images need to be removed from the digital scan. But how? Well there is no Cyan Mask in the film which means the Cyan channel of the film is unpolluted. Since the Magenta Mask in the film is an inverted image of the Cyan layer, one can recreate the Magenta Mask from a copy of the Cyan layer, and then subtract that from the Magenta channel! The result being an unpolluted Magenta channel, ie. without the Magenta Mask. Repeat the same logic for the Yellow Mask and one has then removed the Yellow Mask, ending up with an unpolluted image. The rest is just fine tuning the image in the way you would otherwise fine tune an ordinary colour image.
PRACTICE
1. Digitise the negative with a blue filter such as an 80A.
The purpose of this is not colour correction. It's just to ensure the peaks in your RGB signal are closer together than they otherwise might be. It's for optimising the limited bandwidth of your capture device. A downside is that it will reduce your light source by about 2 stops, so you might want to skip this step.
2. Convert RGB capture to CMY (no K)
It's possible to work entirely in RGB space but it makes more sense (from an understanding point of view) to work in CMY space (the same space in which film works). You want to make three separate channels, each of which, on their own, are black and white. For example, in Adobe After Effects, to create a Cyan channel, you could use the Channel>Shift Channels effect on your source, setting: Take Red From: Red, Take Green From Red, Take Blue From Red. But why from Red? Well Cyan is the inverse of Red (Cyan = 1 - Red) so we start with red, however we won't do the invert here. We'll do the inversion later. In any case use the same logic to obtain a Magenta (from Green) and a Yellow (from Blue).
3. Copy Cyan channel into a new channel called Magenta Mask.
The Cyan channel is the only channel that contains a pure signal (uncontaminated by any mask) so we don't want to change this channel in any way. We want to leave it as is. What we are doing here is creating an image of what the Magenta Mask, in the film, would look like. We're effectively mimicking the way in which the Magenta Mask, in the film itself, is created.
4. Reduce levels on Magenta Mask to about 20%
This is to emulate the relative strength of the Magenta Mask with respect to the Magenta Dye layer, ie. it's about 20%.
5. Subtract Magenta Mask from the inverse of the original Magenta channel. Invert the result and call it Magenta Repaired.
Here is where we are correcting the Magenta channel. Without an image of the Magenta Mask, we wouldn't be able to correct the Magenta channel. We'd otherwise be fiddling with CC sliders all day long without getting any closer to a result. But here we have the magenta channel repaired. Magic.
6. Copy Magenta Repaired to a new channel called Yellow Mask. Reduce levels to about 20%
This is the same logic as Step 5 but instead of using the original Magenta channel to create an image of the Yellow Mask, we're using the repaired Magenta channel (this is in keeping with how the film develops. The Yellow Mask is coupled to the Magenta Dye image but not to the Magenta Mask)
7. Subtract Yellow Mask from the inverse of the Yellow Channel. Invert the result and call it Yellow Repaired.
We now have a repaired Yellow.
The following just recomposes our repaired CMY images back into a single RGB image.
8. Remove Green and Blue from the Cyan Channel, to make a new result called Red
9. Remove Red and Blue from the Magenta Repaired to make a new result called Green
10. Remove Red and Green from the Yellow Repaired to make a new result called Blue.
11. Combine Red Green and Blue with blend mode = Screen.
13. Invert the result of the above to obtain a positive image.
You now have an image in which the orange mask (yellow and magenta masks) have been removed. Feel free to dance around the room. From here on in it's just ordinary colour correction using your eyeballs and creativity.
If anyone needs any clarification, please ask.
Carl
ps. for the reverse process: digital out to print stock, the reverse process would be required - ie. ensuring your digital image has the orange mask put back in (plus some extra tweaking of the RGB channels to accommodate bias of print stocks).